INCI name (PCPC): Triticum Aestivum

Appearance/form:  light yellow, liquid

Saponification value NaOH: 0.135

Sap Value KOH: 0.190

CAS No: 68917-73-7

Iodine Value: 110-130

Family: Poaceae (Family of grasses)

Introduction

Wheat germ oil is extracted using cold pressing techniques from the germ of the wheat kernel. Unlike the refined wheat grain that loses its nutritional value when processed, the germ contains potent vitamins, minerals, tocopherols, carotenoids and fatty acids found in wheat germ oil.

The wheat germ was considered a by-product of the wheat milling industry and is usually used as animal fodder but has been harvested to extract oil due to its health benefits (1). 

Physical and Chemical Characteristics 

Wheat germ oil is a light yellow liquid that does not have a strong odour after refining. It does have a low melting point is prone to oxidation, and therefore needs to be preserved well (1) 

Health Benefits of Internal Use

Wheat germ oil contains omega three fatty acids and sterols, which are known to regulate the metabolism of lipids in the body. By increasing the amount of HDL (good cholesterol) and decreasing the effect of LDLs or bad cholesterol, it minimizes the risk of heart disease.  

The oil contains octacosanol, a long-chain fatty acid with an alcoholic end component, also called steryl ferulates. This compound is known to build muscle strength and stamina and boost energy levels (2). It contains antioxidants that fight against free radicals and help manage inflammatory diseases, leading to cancer, arthritis, and cardiac ailments (3). 

Skin and Hair Care Benefits 

Rich in Vitamin E (tocopherols), Vitamin A (carotenoids) and Vitamin D, wheat germ oil nourishes, especially for ageing or excessively dry skin. The oil helps in the reduction of dark spots or hyperpigmentation and scars, restoring even skin tone. It has abundant antioxidants which prevent damage by harmful UV rays of the sun. It is a humectant that seals in moisture while preventing the build-up of sebum and oils that lead to acne. Its high concentration of fatty acids like linoleic acid makes it a good emollient for the skin. In contrast, its squalene content, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, ensures that it is readily absorbed in skin cells (4). 

Studies have shown that using wheat germ oil stimulates healthy hair growth and maintains a healthy scalp, improving visual breakage, softness, and shine. This is particularly useful for colour or heat-treated hair, which becomes dry and brittle with split ends (4). 

Conclusion 

Due to its benefits in protecting the skin and improving the growth and texture of hair, wheat germ oil is widely used in many skin and hair care formulations.  

References 

1.      Li-Ya Niu, Shao-Tong Jiang, Li-Jun Pan & Min Pang (2013) Characterization of Wheat Germ Oil in Terms of Volatile Compounds, Lipid Composition, Thermal Behavior, and Structure, International Journal of Food Properties, 16:8, 1740-1749

2.      Kumar GS, Krishna AG. Studies on the nutraceuticals composition of wheat-derived oils wheat bran oil and wheat germ oil. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52(2):1145-1151. doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1119-3

3.      Harrabi, Saoussem, et al. "Chemical Composition and in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Wheat Germ Oil Depending On the Extraction Procedure." Journal of Oleo Science, vol. 70, no. 8, 2021, pp. 1051-1058.

4. Restoring dry, damaged hair with a novel natural wheat protein and wheat germ oil– containing shampoo and conditioner line. Hair And Nail Disorders| Volume 62, Issue 3, Supplement 1, Ab77, March 01, 2010